- Lipids:
•chemicals of the cell that are insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvents
•fatty acids, fats, oils, phospholipids, glycolipids, some vitamins, steroids, and waxes
•structural components of cell membrane
•long-term energy storage
•insulation
- Fatty Acids:
•carboxylic acid (head) with a very long hydrocarbon side-chain (tail)
•saturated fatty acids contain no C=C double bonds in the hydrocarbon side-chain
•unsaturated fatty acids have C=C double bonds
- Structure and Melting Point:
•Larger fatty acid = Higher melting point
•Double bonds decrease the melting point
•Saturated = no DB
•Monounsaturated = 1 DB
•Polyunsaturated = many DB
- cisFats and transFats:
•naturally unsaturated fatty acids contain cisdouble bonds
•processed fats come from polyunsaturated fats that have been partially hydrogenated – resulting in transdouble bonds
•transfats seem to increase the risk of coronary disease
- Triglycerides:
•fats are solid at room temperature, oils are liquids
•triglycerides are triestersof glycerol with fatty acids
- Classification of Carbohydrates:
•hydroxycarbonyls- have many OH and one C=O
•names of mono and disaccharides all end in ose
•monosaccharides- cannot be broken down into simpler carbohydrates
•disaccharides- two monosaccharideslinked
•polysaccharides- 3 or more monosaccharideslinked into complex chains
- Proteins:
•involved in practically all facets of cell function
•polymers of amino acids